Código DOI:
Páginas
59-84
Publicado
jul 29, 2019
Palabras Claves
Resumen
En el contexto de la Teoría Crítica se han desarrollado una serie de trabajos cuyo objetivo es hacer plausible una idea de progreso moral bajo el término de aprendizaje social. Tomando como punto de partida los trabajos de Jürgen Habermas, estos tienen como objetivo describir el cambio en el razonamiento moral en términos de principios universalistas de evaluación. Las críticas contra esta propuesta llevaron a Klaus Eder y Hauke Brunkhorst a desarrollar una serie de alternativas. En este artículo se plantea que, a pesar de dichos intentos, los trabajos de estos tres autores han mantenido el supuesto de que los cambios históricos de la moral pueden ser descritos como el desarrollo progresivo de una lógica universalista. Esta suposición produce dos problemas: el uso de argumentaciones teleológicas, que concibe como necesario la realización de estos principios universalistas; y la limitación del tipo de argumentaciones morales que son consideradas relevantes para explicar el aprendizaje social.
Citas
Arnason, J.P. 1979. Zur Rekonstruktion des historischen Materialismus. Telos
39, 201-218.
Arnason, J. 2005. The Axial Age and its Interpreters: Reopening a Debate (19-51)
En Arnasson, J., Eisenstadt, S.N. y Wittrock, B (eds.), Axial Civilizations
and World History. Leiden: Brill.
Berman, H.J. 1983. Law and Revolution. The Formation of the Western Legal
Revolution. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Berman, H.J. 2006. Law and Revolution II. The Impact of the Protestant Reformations
on the Western Legal Tradition. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknapp Press of
Harvard University Press.
Brink, B. y Owen, D. 2007. Introduction (1-32). En Brink, B. y Owen, D. (eds),
Recognition and Power. Axel Honneth and the Tradition of Critical Social
Theory. Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press.
Brunkhorst, H. 2014. Critical Theory of Legal Revolutions. New York: Bloombsury
Publishing.
Damasio, A. 1996. El Error de Descarte. La razón de las emociones. Santiago de
Chile: Editorial Andrés Bello.
Eder, K. 1983. Collective Learning Processes and Social Evolution: Towards a
Theory of Class Conflict in Modern Society. Tidskrift För Rättssociologi
1(1), 23-36.
Eder, K. 1985. The “New Social Movements”: Moral Crusades, Political Pressure
Groups, or Social Movements. Social Research 52(4), 869-890.
Eder, K. 1987. Learning and the evolution of social systems: an epigenetic
perspective (101-125). En Schmid, M. y Wukeits, F. (eds). Evolutionary
theory in social science. Dordrect et al: Reidel.
Eder, K. 1992a. Politics and Culture: On the Sociocultural Analysis of Political
Participation (95-120). En Honneth, A., McCarthy, Th., Offe, C. y
Wellmer, A. (eds), Cultural Political Interventions in the Unfinished Project
of Enlightenment. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
Eder, K. 1992b. Contradictions and Social evolution: a theory of the social
evolution of modernity (320-349). En Haferkamp, H. y Smelser, N. (eds),
Social Change and Modernity. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Eder, K. 1999. Societies Learn and yet the World is Hard to Change. European
Journal of Social Theory 2(2), 195-215.
Eder, K. 2007. Cognitive Sociology and the Theory of Communicative Action.
The Role of Communication and Language in the Making of the Social
Bond. European Journal of Social Theory 10(3), 389-408.
Eder, K. 2009. Rational action, Communicative Action, and the Narrative
Structure of Social Life (45-62). En Tuama, S. (ed.). Critical Turns in
Critical Theory. New Directions in Social and Political Thought. London:
Tauris.
Eisenstadt, S. 2005. Axial Civilizations and the Axial Age Reconsidered (531-
565). En Arnasson, J., Eisenstadt, S. y Wittrock, B. Axial Civilizations and
World History. Leiden: Brill.
Engelken-Jorge, M. 2016. Two Approaches to Communicative Rationality:
Analysing Democratic Deliberation and Collective Learning Processes.
Revista Española de Ciencia Política 41, 141-158.
First, R. y McPherson, C. 2010. Toward and Integrated Science of Morality (361-
384). En Hitlin, S. y Vaisey, S. (eds). Handbook of Sociology of Morality.
New York: Springer.
Forchtner, B., Engelken-Jorge, M. y Eder, K. 2018. Towards a revised theory of
collective learning processes: Argumentation, narrative and the making
of the social bond. European Journal of Social Theory XX(X), 1-19.
Gould, S.J. 1989. Punctuated Equilibrium in Fact and Theory. Journal of Social
Biology Structure 12, 117-136.
Gould, S. J. y Eldredge, N. 1993. Punctuated equilibrium comes of age. Nature
366, 223-227.
Habermas, J. 1989. Ciencia y Técnica como Ideología. Madrid: Tecnos.
Habermas, J. 1992. La Reconstrucción del Materialismo Histórico. Madrid: Taurus
Ediciones.
Habermas, J. 1999a. Teoría de la Acción Comunicativa. Tomo 1. Buenos Aires:
Taurus.
Habermas, J. 1999b. Teoría de la Acción Comunicativa. Tomo 2. Buenos Aires:
Taurus.
Habermas, J. 2002. Verdad y Justificación. Ensayos Filosóficos. Madrid: Editorial
Trotta.
Habermas, J. 2008a. Conciencia Moral y Acción Comunicativa. Madrid: Editorial
Trotta.
Habermas, J. 2008b. Between Naturalism and Religion. Cambridge, UK: Polity
Press
Habermas, J. 2014. Hauke Brunkhorst’s Critical Theory of Legal Revolutions:
Some Comments on Theory Construction. Social & Legal Studies 23(4),
533-546.
Haidt, J. 2001. The Emotional Dog and Its Rational Tail: A Social Intuitionist
Approach to Moral Judgement. Psychological Review 108, 814-834.
Haidt, J. 2008. Morality. Perspectives on Psychological Science 3(1), 65-72.
Hauser, M. 2006. The liver and the moral organ. Social Cognitive and Affective
Neuroscience 1, 214-220.
Ho, M.W. y Saunders, P. 1979. Beyond Neo-Darwinism. An Epigenetic Approach
to Evolution. Journal of Theoretical Biology 78, 573-591.
Honneth, A. 2009a. A Social Pathology of Reason. On the Intellectual Legacy
of Critical Theory (19-42). En Honneth, A. Pathologies of Reason. On the
Legacy of Critical Theory. New York: Columbia University Press.
Honneth, A. 2009b. Reconstructive social criticism with a genealogical proviso.
On the Idea of ‘Critique’ in the Frankfurt School (43-53). En Honneth,
A. Pathologies of Reason. On the Legacy of Critical Theory. New York:
Columbia University Press.
Honneth, A. y Joas, H. 1988. Social Action and Human Nature. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Horkheimer, M. 1973. Crítica de la Razón Instrumental. Bs. Aires: Editorial Sur.
Horkheimer, M. y Adorno, Th. 2006. Dialéctica de la Ilustración: fragmentos
filosóficos. Madrid: Editorial Trotta.
Jaspers, K. 1953. The Origin and Goal of History. Massachusetts: Yale University
Press.
Jay, M. 1989. La imaginación dialéctica. Historia de la Escuela de Frankfurt y el
Instituto de Investigación Social (1923-1950). Madrid: Taurus.
Kohlberg, L. 1981. Essays in Moral Development, vol.1: The Philosophy of Moral
Development. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
Kohlberg, L. 1992. Psicología del Desarrollo moral. Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer
Koskenniemi, M. 2007. Constitutionalism as Mindset: Reflections on Kantian
Themes About International Law and Globalization. Theoretical Inquiries
in Law 8(9), 9-36.
Lafont, C. 1993. La Razón como Lenguaje. Una Revisión del ‘Giro Lingüístico’ en la
Filosofía del Lenguaje Alemana. Madrid: Visor.
Lafont, C. 2014. The Cunning of Law: Remarks on Brunkhorst’s Critical Theory
of Legal Revolutions. Social & Legal Studies 23(4), 565-575.
Marx, K. 1968. La Ideología Alemana. Montevideo: Editorial Pueblos Unidos.
McCarthy, Th. 1991. Ideals and Illusions: on the reconstruction and deconstruction
in contemporary critical theory. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
McCarthy, T. 1998. La teoría crítica de Jürgen Habermas . Madrid: Tecnos.
Owen, D. 2002. Between Reason and History: Habermas and the Idea of Progress.
Albany: State University of New York Press.
Parsons, T. 1964. Evolutionary Universals in Society. American Sociological
Review 29 (3), 339-357.
Snarey, J. 1985. Cross-cultural universality of social moral development -a critical
review of Kohlbergian research. Psychological Bulletin 97, 202-232.
Strydom, P. 1987. Collective Learning: Habermas’s Concessions and Their
Theoretical Implications. Philosophy and Social Criticism 13(3), 265-281.
Strydom, P. 1992. The Ontogenetic Fallacy: The Immanent Critique of
Habermas’s Developmental Logical Theory of Evolution. Theory, Culture
& Society 9, 65-93.
39, 201-218.
Arnason, J. 2005. The Axial Age and its Interpreters: Reopening a Debate (19-51)
En Arnasson, J., Eisenstadt, S.N. y Wittrock, B (eds.), Axial Civilizations
and World History. Leiden: Brill.
Berman, H.J. 1983. Law and Revolution. The Formation of the Western Legal
Revolution. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Berman, H.J. 2006. Law and Revolution II. The Impact of the Protestant Reformations
on the Western Legal Tradition. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknapp Press of
Harvard University Press.
Brink, B. y Owen, D. 2007. Introduction (1-32). En Brink, B. y Owen, D. (eds),
Recognition and Power. Axel Honneth and the Tradition of Critical Social
Theory. Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press.
Brunkhorst, H. 2014. Critical Theory of Legal Revolutions. New York: Bloombsury
Publishing.
Damasio, A. 1996. El Error de Descarte. La razón de las emociones. Santiago de
Chile: Editorial Andrés Bello.
Eder, K. 1983. Collective Learning Processes and Social Evolution: Towards a
Theory of Class Conflict in Modern Society. Tidskrift För Rättssociologi
1(1), 23-36.
Eder, K. 1985. The “New Social Movements”: Moral Crusades, Political Pressure
Groups, or Social Movements. Social Research 52(4), 869-890.
Eder, K. 1987. Learning and the evolution of social systems: an epigenetic
perspective (101-125). En Schmid, M. y Wukeits, F. (eds). Evolutionary
theory in social science. Dordrect et al: Reidel.
Eder, K. 1992a. Politics and Culture: On the Sociocultural Analysis of Political
Participation (95-120). En Honneth, A., McCarthy, Th., Offe, C. y
Wellmer, A. (eds), Cultural Political Interventions in the Unfinished Project
of Enlightenment. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
Eder, K. 1992b. Contradictions and Social evolution: a theory of the social
evolution of modernity (320-349). En Haferkamp, H. y Smelser, N. (eds),
Social Change and Modernity. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Eder, K. 1999. Societies Learn and yet the World is Hard to Change. European
Journal of Social Theory 2(2), 195-215.
Eder, K. 2007. Cognitive Sociology and the Theory of Communicative Action.
The Role of Communication and Language in the Making of the Social
Bond. European Journal of Social Theory 10(3), 389-408.
Eder, K. 2009. Rational action, Communicative Action, and the Narrative
Structure of Social Life (45-62). En Tuama, S. (ed.). Critical Turns in
Critical Theory. New Directions in Social and Political Thought. London:
Tauris.
Eisenstadt, S. 2005. Axial Civilizations and the Axial Age Reconsidered (531-
565). En Arnasson, J., Eisenstadt, S. y Wittrock, B. Axial Civilizations and
World History. Leiden: Brill.
Engelken-Jorge, M. 2016. Two Approaches to Communicative Rationality:
Analysing Democratic Deliberation and Collective Learning Processes.
Revista Española de Ciencia Política 41, 141-158.
First, R. y McPherson, C. 2010. Toward and Integrated Science of Morality (361-
384). En Hitlin, S. y Vaisey, S. (eds). Handbook of Sociology of Morality.
New York: Springer.
Forchtner, B., Engelken-Jorge, M. y Eder, K. 2018. Towards a revised theory of
collective learning processes: Argumentation, narrative and the making
of the social bond. European Journal of Social Theory XX(X), 1-19.
Gould, S.J. 1989. Punctuated Equilibrium in Fact and Theory. Journal of Social
Biology Structure 12, 117-136.
Gould, S. J. y Eldredge, N. 1993. Punctuated equilibrium comes of age. Nature
366, 223-227.
Habermas, J. 1989. Ciencia y Técnica como Ideología. Madrid: Tecnos.
Habermas, J. 1992. La Reconstrucción del Materialismo Histórico. Madrid: Taurus
Ediciones.
Habermas, J. 1999a. Teoría de la Acción Comunicativa. Tomo 1. Buenos Aires:
Taurus.
Habermas, J. 1999b. Teoría de la Acción Comunicativa. Tomo 2. Buenos Aires:
Taurus.
Habermas, J. 2002. Verdad y Justificación. Ensayos Filosóficos. Madrid: Editorial
Trotta.
Habermas, J. 2008a. Conciencia Moral y Acción Comunicativa. Madrid: Editorial
Trotta.
Habermas, J. 2008b. Between Naturalism and Religion. Cambridge, UK: Polity
Press
Habermas, J. 2014. Hauke Brunkhorst’s Critical Theory of Legal Revolutions:
Some Comments on Theory Construction. Social & Legal Studies 23(4),
533-546.
Haidt, J. 2001. The Emotional Dog and Its Rational Tail: A Social Intuitionist
Approach to Moral Judgement. Psychological Review 108, 814-834.
Haidt, J. 2008. Morality. Perspectives on Psychological Science 3(1), 65-72.
Hauser, M. 2006. The liver and the moral organ. Social Cognitive and Affective
Neuroscience 1, 214-220.
Ho, M.W. y Saunders, P. 1979. Beyond Neo-Darwinism. An Epigenetic Approach
to Evolution. Journal of Theoretical Biology 78, 573-591.
Honneth, A. 2009a. A Social Pathology of Reason. On the Intellectual Legacy
of Critical Theory (19-42). En Honneth, A. Pathologies of Reason. On the
Legacy of Critical Theory. New York: Columbia University Press.
Honneth, A. 2009b. Reconstructive social criticism with a genealogical proviso.
On the Idea of ‘Critique’ in the Frankfurt School (43-53). En Honneth,
A. Pathologies of Reason. On the Legacy of Critical Theory. New York:
Columbia University Press.
Honneth, A. y Joas, H. 1988. Social Action and Human Nature. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Horkheimer, M. 1973. Crítica de la Razón Instrumental. Bs. Aires: Editorial Sur.
Horkheimer, M. y Adorno, Th. 2006. Dialéctica de la Ilustración: fragmentos
filosóficos. Madrid: Editorial Trotta.
Jaspers, K. 1953. The Origin and Goal of History. Massachusetts: Yale University
Press.
Jay, M. 1989. La imaginación dialéctica. Historia de la Escuela de Frankfurt y el
Instituto de Investigación Social (1923-1950). Madrid: Taurus.
Kohlberg, L. 1981. Essays in Moral Development, vol.1: The Philosophy of Moral
Development. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
Kohlberg, L. 1992. Psicología del Desarrollo moral. Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer
Koskenniemi, M. 2007. Constitutionalism as Mindset: Reflections on Kantian
Themes About International Law and Globalization. Theoretical Inquiries
in Law 8(9), 9-36.
Lafont, C. 1993. La Razón como Lenguaje. Una Revisión del ‘Giro Lingüístico’ en la
Filosofía del Lenguaje Alemana. Madrid: Visor.
Lafont, C. 2014. The Cunning of Law: Remarks on Brunkhorst’s Critical Theory
of Legal Revolutions. Social & Legal Studies 23(4), 565-575.
Marx, K. 1968. La Ideología Alemana. Montevideo: Editorial Pueblos Unidos.
McCarthy, Th. 1991. Ideals and Illusions: on the reconstruction and deconstruction
in contemporary critical theory. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
McCarthy, T. 1998. La teoría crítica de Jürgen Habermas . Madrid: Tecnos.
Owen, D. 2002. Between Reason and History: Habermas and the Idea of Progress.
Albany: State University of New York Press.
Parsons, T. 1964. Evolutionary Universals in Society. American Sociological
Review 29 (3), 339-357.
Snarey, J. 1985. Cross-cultural universality of social moral development -a critical
review of Kohlbergian research. Psychological Bulletin 97, 202-232.
Strydom, P. 1987. Collective Learning: Habermas’s Concessions and Their
Theoretical Implications. Philosophy and Social Criticism 13(3), 265-281.
Strydom, P. 1992. The Ontogenetic Fallacy: The Immanent Critique of
Habermas’s Developmental Logical Theory of Evolution. Theory, Culture
& Society 9, 65-93.
